Multi-Calculator DNA Similarity Origins — Full Summary
Four Independent Calculators · Full Convergence Analysis · Kit NJ7476284

African Origins — Four-Calculator Summary

Cross-validated across four independent reference panels
EthioHelix K10 Africa Only
Dodecad Africa9
puntDNAL K8 African Only
MDLP K23b
Fortes-Lima et al. AJHG 2025

Language note
The percentages and regional labels in these visualisations describe DNA sequence similarity to reference populations, not fixed proportions of ancestry. Following Kampourakis & Peterson (Genetics, 2023), the term “admixture” has been avoided throughout. What these calculators measure is how closely segments of your DNA resemble segments found in defined reference groups — a statistical similarity score, not a genealogical fraction. All human populations are genetically continuous; the reference categories are analytical tools, not biological essences. Results vary across calculators because each uses different reference panels and mathematical methods. Consistency across multiple independent analyses strengthens confidence that a pattern is real.

Kampourakis K & Peterson EL. “The racist origins, racialist connotations, and purity assumptions of the concept of ‘admixture’ in human evolutionary genetics.” Genetics 223(3), iyad002 (2023). doi:10.1093/genetics/iyad002

Green Sahara 12,000–5,000 BP S A H A R A Mediterranean Sea Atlantic Ocean Indian Ocean Bight of Benin Bight of Biafra IBEROMAURUSIAN ancient DNA AST routes WEST AFRICA Benue-Congo 45–55% Nigeria · Ghana · Cameroon · Mali NORTH AFRICA Western Semitic 24–33% Morocco · Algeria · Libya · Egypt EAST AFRICA 2–14% Ethiopia · Horn · via Fulani FULANI CORRIDOR closest match · 3 of 4 calcs Fortes-Lima 2025 confirmed NIGERIA Igbo · Yoruba · Hausa confirmed all 4 calculators MALI Sahelian corridor all 4 confirmed SEMITIC SEPHARDIC named all 4 calcs ANCIENT LINEAGES 6–15% · all 4 calcs AFROAMERICAN MDLP RANK #1 dist. 14.51 MDLP K23b ANCIENT DNA KEY European_Hunters_Gatherers 10.7% European_Early_Farmers 8.74% Caucasian 6.12% = ~25.5% total = North African/Berber genetic similarity decomposed into prehistoric streams NOT recent European DNA sequence similarity Amerindian trace: 0.08% Fulani Corridor — Futa Toro → Mali → Niger → Nigeria → Sudan EthioHelix 4-pop: Fulani + Igbo + Libya + Yoruba @ 3.299 puntDNAL 2-pop: 50% Nigeria_Hausa + 50% S_Moroccan @ 7.829 Africa9 2-pop: 50% Morocco_Jews + 50% Yoruba @ 17.14 MDLP 2-pop: 50% Puerto_Rican + 50% Yoruba @ 10.59 N Schematic · Kit NJ7476284 · EthioHelix K10 · Africa9 · puntDNAL K8 · MDLP K23b · Fortes-Lima AJHG 2025

Circle size reflects strength of DNA sequence similarity to each reference population group. Percentages are similarity scores, not fixed ancestry fractions. Kampourakis & Peterson, Genetics 2023.

Four-Calculator DNA Similarity Signal Agreement
Signal EthioHelix K10 Dodecad Africa9 puntDNAL K8 MDLP K23b Verdict
West Africa core 55.04% 45.17% W_Africa 63.27% Benue-Congo 50.26% Subsaharan ✓ All 4
North African / Semitic 23.98% N.Africa ~33% Eur+NW+SW 32.76% W.Semitic ~25.5% EHG+EEF+Cauc ✓ All 4
Fulani — closest match dist. 14.18 · #1 dist. ~35 · #8 dist. 9.48 · #1 in every 4-pop model ✓ All 4
East Africa 14.04% combined 5.14% E_Africa Eastern_HG indirect 1.79% East_African ✓ All 4
Nigeria confirmed Igbo #1 MM, Yoruba top-10 Igbo top-20, Yoruba present Hausa #1 MM, Igbo, Yoruba Yoruba in 2-pop model ✓ All 4
Mali / Sahelian Bambaran #13, Mandenka #6 Mandenka #15 Mali_Mandinka #3 Mada, Damara present ✓ All 4
Sephardic / Semitic named Trace detected Morocco_Jews 2-pop W.Semitic dominant N.African 2.37% + S.C.Asian ✓ All 4
Ancient lineages Biaka+Hadza+Khoi ~6% Biaka+S.Africa ~16% S_HG+E_HG ~3% Archaic_African 15.18% ✓ All 4
Fulani in 4-pop models Every top-20 Top-6 include Fulani Every top-20 Every top-20 ✓ Universal
Afroamerican / AST profile Not in panel Not in panel Not in panel Rank #1 dist. 14.51 ✓ MDLP confirmed
Amerindian trace Detected multi-calc Not shown Not shown 0.08% Amerindian ✓ Consistent
West Africa / Benue-Congo
45–55%
SIMILARITY TO REFERENCE POPULATIONSEthioHelix 55.04% · Africa9 45.17% · puntDNAL 63.27% · MDLP 50.26%
Strongest similarity signal all four calculators. Nigeria confirmed by Ancestry.com. Benue-Congo family spans Nigeria, Cameroon, and Bantu Africa.
North Africa / Western Semitic
24–33%
SIMILARITY TO REFERENCE POPULATIONSEthioHelix 23.98% · Africa9 ~33% · puntDNAL 32.76% · MDLP ~25.5%
Four different labels — same ancient Berber/Iberomaurusian component. MDLP decomposes it into prehistoric ancient DNA streams (EHG + EEF + Caucasian) confirming it is NOT recent European DNA sequence similarity.
Fulani — The Keystone
Rank #1 × 4
SIMILARITY TO REFERENCE POPULATIONSEthioHelix dist.14.18 · puntDNAL dist.9.48 · Africa9 top-10 · MDLP every 4-pop
Present in every multi-population Oracle model across all four calculators. Fortes-Lima AJHG 2025 confirms the genetic uniqueness that makes this signal so distinctive.
East Africa
2–14%
SIMILARITY TO REFERENCE POPULATIONSEthioHelix 14.04% · Africa9 5.14% · MDLP 1.79% · puntDNAL indirect
Confirmed in all four. Variation in percentages reflects reference panel sensitivity, not different genetic similarity. Arrives via Fulani prehistoric genome, not a discrete East African line.
Afroamerican — MDLP
Rank #1
SIMILARITY TO REFERENCE POPULATIONSMDLP K23b only · dist. 14.51 · AA_Denver dist. 16.54
Unique to MDLP K23b which includes African American composite reference populations. Rank #1 confirms the researcher's genome sits squarely within the African American genetic cluster — genomic confirmation of AST genetic similarity.
Ancient African Lineages
6–15%
SIMILARITY TO REFERENCE POPULATIONSBiaka · Hadza · Khoi-San · Mbuti · Archaic_African
Present in all four calculators. MDLP's Archaic_African at 15.18% is the broadest estimate using ancient DNA definitions. All four confirm deep pre-agricultural African prehistory echoing through the researcher's genome.
Nigeria_Fulani — Performance Across All Four Calculators
EthioHelix K10 Dodecad Africa9 puntDNAL K8 MDLP K23b
Single-pop rank#1 Single-pop rank#8 Single-pop rank#1 Single-popAfroamerican #1
Distance14.18 Distance~35.57 Distance9.48 Fulani in 4-popEvery top-20
Next nearest32.08 3-pop modelFang+Fulani+N.Italian Next nearest34.90 (DRC_Kongo) Best 4-popAA_Den+AA_Den+Bantu+English
Ratio2.26× closer 4-popTop-6 all incl. Fulani Ratio3.68× closer 2-popPuerto_Rican+Yoruba
4-pop modelsEvery top-20 2-popMorocco_Jews+Yoruba 4-pop modelsEvery top-20 Ancient DNAEHG+EEF+Caucasian=N.Africa
Across four independent DNA calculators using different reference panels, different mathematical approaches, and different population labels — including one framed entirely in ancient DNA terms — the results converge on a single coherent ancestral picture. West African Benue-Congo genetic similarity is dominant at 45–55%. A substantial North African/Western Semitic/Berber component of 24–33% is present in all four. MDLP K23b uniquely decomposes this component into prehistoric ancient DNA streams (European_Hunters_Gatherers, European_Early_Farmers, Caucasian), confirming it is ancient Green Sahara DNA sequence similarity rather than recent European genetic similarity. The Nigeria_Fulani is the closest single-population match in two of four calculators and appears in every multi-population similarity model across all four — a finding now independently validated by Fortes-Lima et al. in the American Journal of Human Genetics (2025). MDLP's Afroamerican rank #1 at distance 14.51 adds a fifth confirmation: the researcher's genome sits squarely within the African American genetic cluster, the genomic fingerprint of AST genetic similarity. Four calculators, one consistent similarity pattern. Following Kampourakis & Peterson (Genetics, 2023), the percentages shown throughout describe how closely segments of the researcher's DNA resemble defined reference population genomes — a measure of similarity, not a claim about pure ancestral composition.


Language framework: Kampourakis K & Peterson EL. Genetics 223(3), iyad002 (2023) — similarity framing adopted throughout in place of admixture terminology. · Fortes-Lima CA et al. Am J Hum Genet. 2025;112(2):261-275. · GEDmatch EthioHelix K10 · Dodecad Africa9 · puntDNAL K8 · MDLP K23b · Ancestry.com · Kit NJ7476284

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