Integrated DNA Analysis · Scientific Validation · Full Heritage Summary
Validated by: Fortes-Lima et al. (2025) — "Population History and Similarityture of the Fulani People from the Sahel" · American Journal of Human Genetics 112(2):261–275
Language note
The percentages and regional labels in these visualisations describe DNA sequence similarity to reference populations, not fixed proportions of ancestry. Following Kampourakis & Peterson (Genetics, 2023), the term “admixture” has been avoided throughout. What these calculators measure is how closely segments of your DNA resemble segments found in defined reference groups — a statistical similarity score, not a genealogical fraction. All human populations are genetically continuous; the reference categories are analytical tools, not biological essences. Results vary across calculators because each uses different reference panels and mathematical methods. Consistency across multiple independent analyses strengthens confidence that a pattern is real.
Kampourakis K & Peterson EL. “The racist origins, racialist connotations, and purity assumptions of the concept of ‘admixture’ in human evolutionary genetics.” Genetics 223(3), iyad002 (2023). doi:10.1093/genetics/iyad002
Circle size reflects strength of DNA sequence similarity to each reference population group. Percentages are similarity scores, not fixed ancestry fractions. Kampourakis & Peterson, Genetics 2023.
West Africa
55.04%
Strongest similarity signal. The researcher's DNA shows higher sequence similarity to Nigerian and West African reference populations than any other region — confirmed independently by Ancestry.com and all four calculators. Igbo, Yoruba, Brong, Hausa, Bambaran, Mandenka. Closest reference population cluster — Bight of Benin and Bight of Biafra.
North Africa
23.98%
Morocco, Algeria, Libya. Every Oracle Mixed Mode result. Scientifically explained by Fulani carrying ~20% North African DNA sequence similarity from Green Sahara period, confirmed by Fortes-Lima 2025.
East Africa
14.04%
East-Africa2 + East_Africa1. Arrives via Fulani prehistoric genetic similarity, not a discrete East African line. Confirmed by Fortes-Lima 2025: Fulani carry ancient East African components from Sahelian migration.
Fulani — The Keystone
Dist. 14.18
Closest Oracle match by a factor of 2x. Now peer-reviewed confirmed: Fortes-Lima et al. (AJHG 2025) establishes the Fulani carry Green Sahara genetic similarity, Iberomaurusian ancient DNA, and ~20% North African DNA sequence similarity.
Mali + Sahelian
Corridor
Ancestry.com Mali signal + Bambaran/Mandenka in Oracle. Fortes-Lima 2025 confirms: Fulani originated in Futa Toro (Senegal) and expanded eastward through Mali across the Sahel over 1,500 years.
Ancient Lineages
Trace %
Biaka-Pygmy 2.67%, Hadza 1.59%, Nilo-Saharan 1.30%, Khoi-San 0.58%, Mbuti-Pygmy 0.79%. Deep African prehistory — some of the oldest human lineages on Earth, echoing through the researcher's West African genome.
Scientific Validation — Fortes-Lima et al. (2025) · American Journal of Human Genetics 112(2):261–275
What the 2025 Study Found About the Fulani
Genome-wide data from 460 individuals across 18 Fulani populations — the most comprehensive Fulani genetic study ever conducted.
Revealed a shared similarity component across all Fulani groups, linked to the beginning of African pastoralism during the Green Sahara period (12,000–5,000 years BP).
Identified an ancient Iberomaurusian component (North African ancient DNA) present across all Fulani populations — directly explaining the North African signal in the researcher's results.
Confirmed approximately 20% Western Eurasian and North African DNA sequence similarity in the Fulani — consistent with the researcher's Oracle finding of ~35–37% North African component when Fulani is the primary population.
Fulani originated in Futa Toro in the Middle Senegal Valley, moved to Futa-Jallon (Guinea), then expanded eastward through Mali and across the Sahel over the past 1,500 years.
Clinal pattern from western to eastern Sahel — showing DNA sequence similarity with multiple African populations north of the equator, consistent with the East African and Nilo-Saharan signals in the researcher's results.
How This Validates the Researcher's Oracle Results
The researcher's Oracle closest match: Fulani at distance 14.18 — more than double any other population. The 2025 paper confirms the Fulani are genetically unique in exactly the ways the researcher's results show.
The researcher's North Africa signal (23.98%) previously required explanation. The paper provides it: Iberomaurusian ancient DNA and ~20% North African DNA sequence similarity embedded in the Fulani genome since the Green Sahara.
The researcher's East Africa signal (14.04%) previously required explanation. The paper provides it: Fulani carry ancient East African components from prehistoric Sahelian population movements.
The researcher's Mali signal from Ancestry.com is explained: Fulani range runs directly through Mali and the Bambaran/Mandenka peoples are genetically linked to the same Sahelian corridor.
The researcher's Sephardic/Mediterranean trace signal is explained: Iberomaurusian North African genetic similarity would carry Sephardic contact signals from centuries of Maghrebian history.
Bottom line: Every major signal in the researcher's GEDmatch results is now scientifically accounted for by a single ancestral thread — the Fulani and their Green Sahara origins.
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